[July.2019] Prefabrication with Integration 整合预制

Prefabrication with Integration

整合预制

时间：2019年7月19日星期五 17:30
地点： ITA Open Space 2, ETH Hönggerberg
主持：汪弢
海报：汪弢
摄影：陈灵, Ghelichi Pedram
英语报道：Tian Chiang
中文报道：杨晴川

2019年7月的SCAA活动在苏黎世联邦理工学院建筑技术学院（ITA）的二楼大厅举行。令人印象深刻的屋顶预制木结构使其成为活动主题的理想场所：中国和瑞士的预制建造。

The SCAA event in July 2019 was held on the first floor in the Institute of Technology in Architecture (ITA) at the ETH Zurich. The impressive prefabricated wooden structure of the roof made it a perfect place for the event’s theme: Prefabrication with integration in China and Switzerland.

活动始于香港中文大学建筑学院副教授朱竞翔的演讲。他的研究和项目专注于新的空间结构、轻质建筑系统和可持续建造，朱竞翔在寻找一种非传统的系统方法来实现技术、设计和组织的整合。

The event began with the presentation of Jingxiang Zhu, Associate Professor of the School of Architecture, CUHK. With his research and project focus on new spatial structures, lightweight building systems and sustainable building technologies, he is looking for an unconventional systematic method to achieve integration of technology, design and organization.

大湾区拥有8000万人口，正在成为全中国最重要的经济增长引擎。快速发展的城市化进程挑战现有的建造方式，并寻求均衡的发展模式。快速的城市化要求建立高效率和高质量的建造方法。朱竞翔以“深圳梅丽小学校舍腾挪”阐述了这一情况。由于巨大的学位需求与学校学位之间的差距，梅丽小学急需扩建。但在校舍正常运转的情况下进行扩建施工工作是十分困难的，所以朱竞翔的团队建议在临时用地上建一所“临时学校”。此方案采用轻钢结构，可重复使用90％的部件，项目成本大大降低。通过标准组件，学校的建设可以保持在一个合理的时间之内。学校扩建工程完成后，临时建筑所使用的构件可继续用于大湾区的许多其他类似情况。

With a population of 80 Million people the Greater Bay Area is becoming the most important economic growth engine for the whole of China. The fast growing urbanization process challenges the existing working strategy and looks for a balanced development model. The speed of the urbanization asks for a systematical method of building fast with efficiency and quality. Zhu took „Meili Primary School“ in Shenzhen as an example. Due to the gap between the demand for education and lack of offerings, the Meili Primary School needed an extension. But it was difficult to work on the extension while all the pupils still needed to go to school, so the team of Jingxiang Zhu suggested a temporary school on a temporary site. With a light steel building with 90% reusable components, the cost of the project reduced greatly. With super standard components, the building time of the school could be maintained in a realistic range. After the extension finished, the temporary components could be used in many other similar situations in the Greater Bay Area.

依据不同的边际条件（结构、能源、施工次序和功能）进行具体规划是朱竞翔的设计准则。在肯尼亚，“Mcedo北京学校”项目向我们展示了“建筑次序”如何影响设计。“Mcedo北京学校”位于5000人居住的贫民窟区，当地的建筑材料供应和工作人力极为匮乏。所以设计的重点在于根据物流和运输条件进行合理设计：建筑构件设计得非常轻巧、易于建造，居住在附近的志愿者接受简单的培训便可参与建设。优化的工作流程使500平方米的学校建造仅需5天时间。建成效果非常令人满意，它显示了在欠发达地区实现优异建造的新方法。

Planning according to different marginal conditions, like structure, energy, construction process and program, are Zhu’s several criteria. In Kenya, the project „Mcedo Beijing School“ shows us how „construction process“ could intervene in the final design. „Mcedo Beijing School“ is located in a 5000 people residential slum area where building materials and working power are extremely unavailable. So the strategy was to design according to the logistic and transportation conditions. The building components were designed very light and easy to build, so the volunteers living nearby could be easily trained and help to build the school. Due to the carefully optimized workflow, it took 5 days to finish the 500 m2 school. The results are satisfying, and it shows a new way to achieve decent building environments in less developed areas.

活动的第二部分，Renggli AG项目经理Patrick Schwalm给观众介绍了木材预制建筑在瑞士和欧洲的情况。Renggli AG成立于1923年，拥有5个办事处和一家木材厂。Renggli AG拥有完整的预制木材建造技术，是投资者的总承包商，也是瑞士和欧洲建筑师的合作伙伴。

In the second part of the event, Patrick Schwalm, project manager from Renggli AG, presented their works. Renggli AG was founded in 1923 and has 5 offices and a timber factory. The leading specialist for timber constructions with a high degree of prefabrication works as a general contractor for investors and also as a partner for architects throughout Switzerland and Europe.

比如在Nebikon和Möriken的公寓“Swisswoodhouse”，预制模块化的设计（每个模块固定约45分钟）使建筑能够以非常快速有效的方式进行组装。位于苏黎世Freilager的另一大型居住项目，施工现场只有10名工人，按时完成的同时在财务上非常具备竞争力。该项目也显示了在大型项目中使用木材预制建造的潜力。

Patrick Schwalm introduced several projects to us, like apartment „Swisswoodhouse“ in Nebikon and Möriken. The prefabricated modular design (about 45 minutes to fix each module) allows the building to be assembled in a very fast and efficient way. Another project located in Freilager, Zürich was finished on time with only 10 workers on the construction site and financially very competitive. The project also shows the potential and capability of timber construction for large scale projects.

在小组讨论中，两位演讲嘉宾和SCAA副主席汪弢探讨了建筑师在预制设计过程中的作用以及中瑞在预制建筑领域做法的不同。Patrick Schwalm认为市场认可度较低是瑞士木材预制建筑的一个主要问题。对朱竞翔来说，中国目前并不具备像瑞士一样强大的建筑行业支撑体系，但他觉得这倒是一个发明、研究和创造的好机会。面对世界各地的不同挑战和困难，我们都同意通过综合预制系统，能够实现更好、更可持续的生活和工作环境。

In the panel discussion the two guests and vice president of SCAA, Tao Wang shared their opinions on the role of architects in the prefabrication design process and the differences between China and Switzerland. For Patrick Schwalm the market recognition on timber buildings is a main problem in Switzerland. For the practices of Jingxiang Zhu, unlike in Switzerland, the strong supporting system of building industry does not exist in China. He finds it a good chance to invent, research and create. Facing different challenges and difficulties on different sides of the world, all agree on a better and sustainable living and working environment with integrated prefabrication systems.

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